1] All the following anaerobes are found in normal humans except :

1. PROPIONBACTOR ORGANISMS
2. BACTEROIDS
3. PSEUDOMONADS
4. CLOSTRIDIA

ANS: C

2] Following a 7 day course of Clindamycin , a patient develops fever, abdominal cramps & diarrhea Sigmoidoscopy revels yellowish -white patchy areas on the wall of the colon. All the following holds true here except :

1. Gram stain would revel dark purple rods.
2. Most likely cause is clostridium difficele .
3. Clindamycin should be stopped & an amino glycoside should be started.
4. This is fatal if not treated properly.

Ans : C {DOC is Vancomycin & not an aminoglycoside}

3] Peripheral lymphoid tissues are sites that antigen specific lymphocytes migrate after developing in central lymphoid tissues. Which of the following regarding lymphoid tissue is correct ?

1. GIT contains peripheral lymphoid tissue called as "GALT" that is the site for collection of food antigens.
2. T-Cells develops in the bone marrow & then migrate to the thymus for maturation.
3. B-cells develop in the thymus & migrate to the bone marrow for maturation.
4. The germinal centers of lymph nodes are sites for massive T-cell proliferation during infections.

Ans : A

4] All statements regarding antibodies are true except :

1. Antibodies serve as antigen receptors on the surface of B- lymphocytes.
2. The OPSANIZATION of bacteria by antibodies enhances ingestion by macrophages .
3. The Fc portion of cross-linked antibodies can trigger the compliment cascade & lead to the destruction of bacteria that the antibodies are bound to .
4. The process of antibody dependent cell mediated cyto-toxicity relies on neutrophils recognition of antibodies bound to a target cell Fc Receptor.

Ans : D

5] Which of the following factors differentiates viruses from chymadia?

1. Obligate intracellular intracellular parasitism .
2. The need of arthropod vector
3. Dependency on the host cell for energy.
4. The presence of a single type of nucleic acid.

Ans : D

6] Cholera toxin affects cells by blocking the GTPase activity of their Gs proteins . On a cellular level , which one o the following would be helpful in reducing the harmful effects of cholera toxin?

1.  Increasing the amount of intracellular cAMP.
2. Inhibiting the activity of adenylate cyclase in the cell.
3. Inhibiting Gi-proteins within the cell.
4. Increasing the amount of protein Kinase -A in the cell .

Ans : B

7] Surgical instruments are boiled for 10 minutes in a saline solution containing E-coli ; Mycobacterium TB & Bacillus cereus  . Which of the following micro organisms  is most likely to survive the procedure?

1. E-Coli
2. MTB
3. B cereus
4. none will survive.

Ans : C

8] Syphilis is caused by :

1. Trachomonas vaginalis
2. Trichinella spiralis
3. Tryponima pallidum
4. Trypanosoma cruzi

Ans : C

9] The stain that demonstrates Mycobacteria TB is:

1. Gram stain
2. Acid fast stain
3. Silver stain
4. Mucicarmine stain

Ans : B

10] A 28 year old man has a painless penile eruption for 3 weeks that is crateform , moist & indurated .  Which of the following group of tests are appropriate here?

1. Gram stain ; VDRL ; Culture for T.pallidum
2. Gram stain ;  culture for T-pallidum
3. VDRL & dark ground microscopic examination
4. FTA-ABS-test

Ans : C

11] Which of the following statements regarding replication cycle of viruses is correct?

1. During the eclipse period [window period] infectious virus particles accumulate within the cell, but none are released.
2. During latent phase , the infecting viral particles are completely inactive & waiting for an opportunity to produce new viral particles.
3. Cell lyses is the final step of viral infection
4. During the eclipse period, no infectious viral particles are produced.

Ans :D

12] Which of the following statements regarding leprosy is true?

1. It is caused by M.leprae  which is fast growing.
2. It can be easily cultured in lab.
3. Affected people die if not treated.
4. It can survive after being phagocytosed by a macrophage.

Ans :D

13] A patient comes with H/O urethral discharge & itching. He is married for 3 years & had the same problem on 3 earlier occasions. Gram stain showed no M.organisms but increased leucocytes. Which of the following is false .........

1. Most likely cause is C.trachomatis
2. It is an extra cellular pathogen
3. Partner too is to be treated here
4. Drug of choice is tetracycline's

Ans : B

14] Capsule is essential for the virulence of a micro organism. Which of the statement best describes  the bacterial capsule?

1. The most important function of S.pneumoniae capsule is adhesion.
2. Opsonisation antibodies are often directed against S.pneumoniae capsule.
3. The capsule of GROUP-B N.meningitides is protein
4. DPT vaccine contains purified Bordetella pertusses capsules.

Ans : B

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